Had crossed my mind, I'm not certain how the seal actually fits, could potentially even weld a washer in there
Wow
. I don't understand why you would want to weld a washer there
.
Looking at your overall photo it looks like the steel tab that stops the oil seal coming out has been bent down. By this I mean the steel plate that is held in place by two 6mm cap head screws, one directly above the sprocket and one below the sprocket. Item 36 in this link
https://www.motorcyclespareparts.eu/special-pages/model.aspx?brand=4&type=13&year=351310&model=351434&part=351467 That plate acts to stop the drive shaft oil seal moving out and also part of the plate just covers the push-rod seal to stop that dropping out. Normally it shouldn't be doing much but in your case it could be a good thing.
This is what I suggest.
1. Get the rest of the push rod out. If the steel bit you have looks brocken then there should still be some in the rest of the push-rod, so as suggested before a magnetic screw driver might work. If all the steel end has come out then you might get a grip on the alloy tube with a long wood screw or something. If not then it's off with the clutch cover and tackle it from that side.
2. Replace the oil seal. As long as there is enough undamaged crankcase hole to locate the new oil seal in the correct position, (there will be), put the oil seal in and fill any gaps with chemical metal as suggested by fazersharp.
3. Make sure that oil seal cover plate is ok. If not get a new one or make a better one.
4. Fit replacement push rod and outer cover.
5. Follow instructions for setting clutch cable and away you go.
The end.