I ran a Volvo 240 GLT estate for 225,000 miles over 16 years on Castrol GTX 20w/50. Changed every 5k miles, never burned a drop in all that time.
You can be fairly sure that the additives in that particular brand name of oil have changed in that time but once again, the key here is the oil change interval.
Essentially, any oil has a life expectancy in use - and dependent on type of use - beyond which its viscosity at operating temperature falls as a result of shearing and other chemical reactions within the oil. In extreme cases, and I mean extreme, the oil eventually loses its ability to prevent metal on metal contact under pressure.
You can run on basic mineral oil without causing any more wear or damage than the most exotic synthetics provided you change the mineral oil before it reaches the point where its viscosity index under temperature/load falls below the minimum required.